METHODOLOGY OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC SUBSTANTIATION OF MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES FOR INNOVATIONS CREATED IN UNIVERSITY LABORATORIES

Abstract

University laboratories are pivotal sources of deep-tech innovations, yet their successful commercialization is frequently hindered by the lack of robust Technical and Economic Substantiation (TES) for market entry strategies. This paper addresses this critical gap by developing a comprehensive methodology for TES, explicitly tailored for academic innovations. The proposed methodology integrates a rigorous Technology Readiness Level (TRL) assessment with essential economic viability metrics, such as Net Present Value (NPV) and Return on Investment (ROI). The research employs a systematic analysis of global best practices, including the TRL framework used by organizations like NASA and case studies from leading technology hubs (e.g., MIT, Stanford), comparing the outcomes of Spin-off (First Mover) versus Licensing strategies. The findings demonstrate that the optimal commercialization path is directly contingent upon the TRL: a high TRL (7-9) substantiates a Spin-off strategy with high risk/high reward, whereas an intermediate TRL (4-6) makes Licensing the more viable, low-risk option. The methodology emphasizes that the accuracy of the TES heavily relies on the technical competence acquired through STEM education for precise TRL, scalability, and cost structure assessment. The conclusion highlights that the developed TES methodology provides Technology Transfer Centers and innovation teams with a clear, structured decision-making tool. This systematic approach is essential for minimizing commercial risks and increasing the overall viability and reliability of university-derived technological innovations.